Gear-cutting machine.



'L. W. PENNEY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1909.

1,036,322, Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

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L. W. PENNEY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15, 1909.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

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\X/IT EEEES: -16) fin/ L. W. PENNEY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY15, 1909.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912 8 SHEETSSEEET 3.

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L. W. PENNEY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY15, 1900v 8 SHEETSSHEET 4.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLIUATION TILED JULY 1 T v 1 :1 n .9. afbenusa 2n, .1 51m,

3 SEBETS-SEEET L. vv. PENNBY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 15,1909

L036 822 Patented Aug.20,1912.

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L. W. PENNEY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLIGATIONFILEDJULY15,1909.

Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

8 SHBETSSHEET 7y QM nU L. W. PENNEY.

GEAR CUTTING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYlE. 190E. l -ggg ggg Patented Aug. 20, 1912.

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:PENNEY, GE N JTQN, EN'X'S, SAGU-PLETTEE {1911?5- Jim 32. ZZ IASSACHUSETTS.

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iASSACHUSET'ES, ASSIGNOE. BY IVIESNE ASSIGN- GF NEE/TON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPQR- GEAE-GUTTING NIACHINE.

To ZZ whom may concern:

Be it known that 1, Lo "W. PENNEY, of Newton, in the county of Midclieses and State of Mossaclousctts a citizen of the United States, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gear-Cutting Machines of which the following :i specification hi invention elates 4.0 the cutting of and its einlzm liment shown in the Wings, :1 machine for cutting beveled ars thou 'h it may he otherwise applied shall ili rihe it theiemse with. particular relation to the einhoiiiuient shown, The teeth oi a beveled "an ere i usuuiiy somewhat lerger at the efcy of the gemthau nearer the cents This requires that the cut-ting tool shall work somewhat oil the radius oi the hluul; and at an angle to its axis and its no lstnient therefore is a somewhat delicate and \iiiiicult matter to secure with {'KPHEH.

My invention is intended to in; speed with which a gear is cut hp cutters which. cut opposite p grooves the s 1e ti ie, one cutter: Working howevernpon one side of the gear and the other cutter upon the other sicle; such at least is the esent eniluulimeiit oi my invention. In this machine therefore :1 single revolution of the blank presents its periph- (if? to hot-h cutting toois in turn that when a single i'evoiutio-n oi the hiuul: has taken place the entire groove betwe n each i i of teeth h een all.

one he:

" ciutch 0iclutch rotzitin mechanism,

u in oiechn shown I iiclsptco for use with the a N the machine mu be used in nioenin heaving; z, mitten etc.

Ilotenised Aug. 2% 12%???" Serial No. 5073792.

by referan enlarged section on line 77 of Fig. 3. Fig. T 18 a cross section on line 7 -i of Fig Fig. 8 an enlarged section on line 8-8 of 3. Fig. 9 is a plan of a hi-Link which has been i-otated a quarter of a revolution under the cutters, and F 10 a plan of a blank which has been rotated slightly over half a revolution under the cutters. Figs. 11 and 12 are detail views on an enhirgecl. scale illustrating the oper ation of the cutters on the blank, the parts being shown in plan and elevation respectively in the two figures.

The n uchine is mounted upon a base A.

B is a ho); mounted upon the hose A. and having bearings for the power shaft C as Well as for the feecl shaft D and the cutter shafts E anci F. The shaft carries fast and loose pulleys 0, c and also carries worin D in mesh with a Worm gear D on the Feed shaft. It also carries two spirai gears E 15, which mesh with corresponding gears E F on the cutter shafts E F. The fun they end of each shaft E, F, is mounted in hearings E, B, each forming part of a carrisge E F, and each shaft carries a cutteg il'fi F which is fostene to its front enc't )3 ii nut. the shaftbeing reduced in size to i a shoulcler against which the cutter is inped flillt'i being fiillQRCltXi to receive the Each carriage E F is canal e of s merit crosswise the machine onri to 56K- each shaft sufiicientiy fiexihie to allow is movement each shofbis jointed as :it c, f, with g'imhal joints. By this construction considerable latitutie of play is allowed at that end of each use, which carries e cutter, Without unduly controlling its movement.

Each carriage E F is mounted Ways g/holted to the support G which bolted to the base A. This suppow on its uiuierr Fig. i is a fronton its periphery. The so )port G is sl' tted and the rack K is of su icient diameter to project somewhat:- through it to engage with teeth on the rack bars 12 1, each attached. to the under side of one of the carriages E, I by screws e" F. In order to adjust the line of movement of each carriage accurately to line of cut in the blank the holes in the ways 9 through which the bolts pass areslightly larger than the bolts thus enabling the parts to be set -properly when the ma chine is assembled. After that the carriages require no further adjustment with relation to the racks. The necessary difference in diameter between the holes and the bolts is so slight as to be hardly perceptible in a drawing of the size filed herewith.

The segmental rack K is caused to oscillate in one direction by means of the cam K mounted on the feed shaft D, and having been oscillated in one direction by the cam K returned into its original position as the eam will allow by means of the weighted arm K which is keyed to the shaft J. A. pinK -is provided in the rack K for engagement by the cam K Thus, as the feed shaft D rotates in the direction. of thTe-arrow and rotates the cam K it causes the segmental. rack K to move, thus causing the carriage E with its tool to move up and the carriage F with its tool to move down on the ways g, g in the support Gr. After the swell. of the cam has lifted the bearing surface or pin K of the segmental rack the weighted arm K keeps itin en gagcment with the cam and restores it. to its original position ready to be moved agza in by the ca in. It will be understood that during this time the cutters are in active rotation and are operating: upon the blank. This movement of the tool carriers resulting from the movement of the cam is the feed movement by which the cutting tool is caused to engage with and cut the necessary grooves in the blank. it y -The chuck by means of which the work is supported, and the chuck feeding mechanism are sl-own more esplacially in Figs. 5 and G. The chuck should he proportioned acc rding to the "-ind'ot blank to be cut. that whether it is a simple beveled blank or a blank with a hub such as shown at T1 in Fig. 6. or otherwise. in either case. however. the chuck eonmrises a tort ical shaft. M carrying at its lower end a beveled u'ear M of peculiar construction and at its upper end any'well nowu means of clampin-i t it blank "hereto. For enau'iple, the form oi.

chuck shown comprises a split post. of a diameter according to the blank to E held,

into which a conical headed screw mis screwed in order to spread the sect iins of the post. The chuck mounted in lmarings on a slide M which may he moved toward and from the tools on the base fr, guide ways on being provided for the purpose.

I have rejterrsal above to the fact that the gear M -is of peculiar construction. The. feed shaft 1 carries a gear D having a single tooth and the gear M is provided with teeth. sutficientlv farapart to allow the single tooth (l of the gear l) to enter the space between two teeth. move the gear M the space of one tooth and then pass out from between. the teeth" Thus the chuck M will be rotated ii'itcrmittently a "eiiven dis tance' whenever the feed shaiit 1) makes one revolution, that is, whenever the tooth '(Z engages the gear M. To lock the muck in place except when being so moved I provide a pin N which is adapted to enter notches n in the periphery of the gear M (see Fig.

The pin is normally held in place in one of these notches by means of a spring n attached to the side of the base A. Tlie sides of the notches 11 however are so shaped with relation to the shape of the end of the pin N that when power applied through the shaft D to turn the crank the pin will ride 11 the side of the notch in which it is, against the force ,f the sprin a and spring into the next notch, thus again locking the chuck in place. Y 7

In order to stop the machine automatically when an entire revolution ot the blank has taken place. and the gear has been cut. I have provided a st'op'inotion which I will now describe.

The vertical shatt M forming part of the chuck carries near its upper end a cam (1 which keyed, to the shaft so that it is rotated therel y. An arm I mounted in a bearing 1 has a shoulder 7; to engage the bearing l" so that normally its upper end is locked in the path ot the cam The lower end of this arm is pii-oted to a. rock 7 arm the tast to the loose pulley. and why-u ti-is has been itC(Itlttll'lltf-ilttt it strike the base and prevents i'ltt'tlitl' rotation oi the '."Jt'l\' shat't and incveu'u-nt e! the Shipper. 'lho Ul'jtltttltitl ,ot these parts oi the llttltlttilt is as tolltu rs. When the b tlliltl has: iron 'rotated substantially an entire revolution so that the entire blankhas been presented to both cutters the cam q engagesthe arm P and lifts it slightly thus unlatching it from the bearing 1" and allowing it to fall. The wcightedarm P is thus allowed to drop and, turning the rock shaft P ships the belt and stops the machine. i

in order to move the work in and out from its position under the tools the slide M is moved toward and from the support by means of a rack Q on the under side of the slide which is operated by a pinion Q turned b a handle Q In order to receive the chips I provide a pan R which fits about the chuck as shown, and in order to protect the bearings of the tools from dust I have provided a cover R. This cover has two openings through which project portions of the bearings E, F. These openings are somewhat larger than the bearings so as "to allow these parts free play, and the bearings are centered to a certain extent in them by means of two washers r, r lying about the ends of the bearings, one lying within the cover and one outside of it. Each inside washer r abuts against a shoulder r on its bearing and the outer washer ragainst the face of the cover. A collar 7* passes through the outside washer 1' which has an opening slightly larger than that or the inside washer and abuts against the inside washer. .It has a shoulder which binds against the outside washer and it is held in place by screws r by which it is keyed to the carriage. The washers are sufficiently large to protect the interior of the cover from the entrance of dust V (See Fig. 1

ln'the operation of this machine the blank is placed on the chuck and lfastenedv thereto in some convenient-way. as for example, in the manner shown. The cutting tools are then in position shown in Fig. (3 where the tool E is about to begin its work and cut downward and the tool F is elbout to begin its work and cut upward. In Fig. 9 is shown a blank partially cut. These tools Ll", F are set so that they finish opposite sides of the grooves, that isto say, referring to Fig. 9 and supposing it to be an enlarged View of the blank which is be ing cut as referred to in Fig. 6, the tool F has just finished cnttingthe surface 1 and the tool E has just finished cutting the surface 2. The process of cutting and feeding goes on, the blank moving in the direction of the arrow until the groove 3 arrives under cutter F andthe groove at under the cutter E. It will be noted that tlie cutter F continues to cut and *finish the side of each groove corresponding to the glide. 1 as marked in Fig. 9, and the cutter to cut and finish the side oft-each groove corre sponding to the sidemarked 2 in Fig. 9.

blank each tool is finishing a tooth.

When the blank has been rotated halt a revolution arch tooth is half finished and during the remainder ot' the rotation of the lleten ring to Fig. 10 it will be seen that the teeth 5, t3, 7 and ti are finished; in 9 and i0 linishing has been interrupted and the other teeth are only half finished and are awaiting their turn to be finished, the finishing of a groove completing the cutting of a tooth.

When the rotation of the chuck has been completed the cam I] engages the end of the arm P and unlatches it so that the belt is shipped and the machine stopped. The two cutters thus travel, enerally speaking. in substantially though not exactly the same plane and that plane is not radial to the chuck but parallel to the plane of the axis of the chuck. at a slight angle to the axis of the chuck so as to give the right bevel to the wallrof the finished tooth. The arrangement and operation of these parts will be mostclearly understood by reference to Figs. ll and 12, in which the lines clS represent vertical planes through the axis of the chuck coinci dent with the lower or inner corners (Tr edges of the teeth, while the lines T-T represent planes through the centers of the teeth. in Fig. ll the lateral faces of the teeth which are cut by the tool F are indicate by the numeral 11 while the opposite lateral faces. which are cut by the tool E, are indicated by the numeral 11 The sides of the teeth as tinishcd are radial to the axis of the chuck throughout, but inasmuch as these sides are cut by the sides of the tools it'follows that the middle vertical planes oit these tools must lie in planes slightly offset from the axis of the chuck as indicated by the lines T-T in Fig. 11. hloreover, in order-to approximate as closely as possible the tl'ieoretically correct form of the sides of the teeth by the use of a rotat- The cutters themselves are the ing' milling cutter moving in a straight ra; "i

dial line. and at the same time to permit of the use of tools which will cut freelyand whose form can be preserved by grinding it has been found to be of great advantage to arrange these tools or cutters with theircentral planes at a slight angle to the vertical or to the axis of. the chuck, as clearly illustrated by the angle between the lines TT and'S--S in Fig. 12.

\Vhat'l claim as my invention is:

1. In a gear cutter, the combination with a rotating gear holder, of two tool carriers, means for rotating them and means for causing them to travel automatically.. across the line of work during the cutting opera tion substantially in planes parallel tobut at one side of the axis of said gear hold 1'.

2.1ln a gear cutter, the combination with a chuck, of a rotary cutter arranged at an inclination to aris of said chuck, and

n no

means for moving said cutter substantially in a plane parallel to but lying at one side of said axis.

In a gen r cutter, the coml'iination with a chuck, of a pair of rotary cutters each .arranged at an inclination to the axis of said chuck, and means for moving said cutters substantially in the planes parallel to but lying at one side of said axis.

*1. A nutchinc for cutting beveled gears comr rising an intcrmittentl y rotating chuck, a pair of rotary cutters located on opposite sides of said chuck, and means for moving each of said cutters in a substantially rectilinear path relative to the blank held by said chuck, said cutters being arranged respectively to operate upon opposite sides of each of the teeth formed on said blank.

A machine for cutting beveled gears comprising two tool carriers each carrying a cutter, means for rotating said tool car ricrs, an intermittently rotating chuck, said toolcarriers being located with relation to said chuck upon opposite sides of the blank held tlurreby, and means for moving said tool carriers autolmitically toward the axis of the chuck during the cutting operation to cause each of said tools carried thereby to operate upon. opposite sides of each of the teeth formed on said blank.

t3. Amachinc for cutting beveled gears comprising two tool carriers and an intermittently rotary chuck, said tool carriers being located on opposite sides of said chuck and being adjusted with relation to the axis of said chuck to :torm teeth upon a blank carried by said chuck by respectively cuttiugthc metal from opposite sides of each of said teeth, in combination with means whtnreby said cutters will be caused to travel automatically in a path across the blank during the cutting operation.

7. In a gear cutter, two tool carriers each carrying a cutter. means for rotating said tool carriers, an intermittently rotating chuck, means to! rotating it int'crmittently. it: t automatic means for trawling said tool ca r ers a ternately in o 'iposit'e directions timid-d and tr m the axis of said chu k.

-- to a ar cu ter, two tool carriers, on taunting tlunz. and means for i 1 tin-m tann n-hing twicarriages each a bearing t r n: o'l .iid tool car- -;:n-- t r rt-ciprtaatingsaid carin opposite directions to thvwork duriiu the cutting: opt-ration, means coniprisizig an os illating rack and means -u'he-1'cby it may be oscillated.

i in a. gear cutter, two tool carriers, means for rotating them and tumors for feeding them to the work comprising two :uid tool carriers and nurans tor automati- 'riages each haunt; a bearing for one of in opposite dircctlons toward and from the work, said means comprising an (ii-dilating;- rack, a cam adapted to oscillate said rack and means for holding said rack in engagcment with said cam.

10. In a gear cutter, two tool caiilcl'-;, means for rotating them and means for feeding them to the work comprising two carriages each having' a barring for one of said tool carriers, and means for automatically reciprocating said carriages alternately in opposite directions toward and from the work comprising an oscillating rack and a rack attached to each carriage in engage ment with said oscillating rack, as described.

11. In a gear cutter, a chuck, two tool carriers located respectively on opposite sides of said chuck, means for rotating said tool carriers, and automatic means for causing them to trarel toward the chuck in sub stantially rectilinear paths.

12. ln a gear cutter, a cl'uick, two tool holders, one located on each side of. said chuck, means for rotating said tool holders, and means for causing them to travel toward the chuck in substantially rcrtilimiar paths forming acute angles to th'eaxis of the chuck.

13. In a gear cutter, a power shaft. a feed shaft and tool carrier shafts. coilncctions be tween said power shaft and said fifth! and tool carrier shafts whereby the rotation of said power shaft will cause the rotation of said feed and tool carrier shafts, means tor supporting and feeding the work connected to said teed shaft and means for feeding the tools on the tool carrier shafts to the work also cauuicctet l to said feed shaft, said means comprising ,qti'itleways at an acute angle to the axis of the work support, carriages carrying said to l carriers thereon adapted to be reciprocated on said guidcwars, and means for reciprocating said carria -l4. In a gear cutter. in cmubiuatiou. tool carriers, means whereby they are rotated, a chuck, means whereby said tool carriers are fed toward and from the chuck comprising carriages each carrying a tool carrier and a rack. an oscillating rack engaging said car riage racks, means for causing said oscillating rack to o cillate tft)itl])l'lSltl1' a cam shat't carryiurr a cam, and means for feedingsaid chucl: comprising an imperfect. c ear located on said. cam haft and a gear carricd by said chuck.

15. in a gen. cutter, in combination, tool carriers, means whereby they are rotated. a chuck, means whereby said tool carriers are ted toward and from the chu k comprh n carriagcs each carrying a tool carrier and a rack, an oscillating rack engaging 'nttl car riage racks, means for causing said on tlirlling rack to oscillate comprising a cam -ha t: carrying, a cam, means for fccthnnj said catty reciprocating said carriages alternately chuck comprising an imperfect gear located Mill on said cam shaft and a g ar carried by said chuck. and means for locking said chuck.

16. In a gear cutter, in combination, tool carriers, means whereby they are rotated, a chuck, means whereby said tool carriers are fed toward and from the chuck comprising carriages each carrying a tool carrier and a rack, an oscillating rack engaging said, carriage racks, means for causing said oscillating rack to oscillate comprising a cam shaft carrying a 'eam means for feeding said chuck comprising an imperfect gear located on said cam shaftand a gear carried by said chuck, means for locking said chuck, and means operated by the chuck whereln' a ('mnplel'e rotation of the chuck will rauJ e the stopping of the machine.

17. In a gear cutter, reliproading earriages, tool carriers carried thereby to recaprorate thermrith, a cover to protect said Carriages from chips and provided with openings 101' said ('fll'l'lLlS, means connecting" 

